Can Women Save Japan?
להגדלת הטקסט להקטנת הטקסט- ספר
Japan's potential growth rate is steadily falling with the aging of its population. This paper explores the extent to which raising female labor participation can help slow this trend. Using a cross-country database we find that smaller families, higher female education, and lower marriage rates are associated with much of the rise in women's aggregate participation rates within countries over time, but that policies are likely increasingly important for explaining differences across countries. Raising female participation could provide an important boost to growth, but women face two hurdles in participating in the workforce in Japan. First, few working women start out in career-track positions, and second, many women drop out of the workforce following childbirth. To increase women’s attachment to work Japan should consider policies to reduce the gender gap in career positions and to provide better support for working mothers.
כותר |
Can Women Save Japan? / Chad Steinberg, Masato Nakane. |
---|---|
מהדורה |
1st ed. |
מוציא לאור |
Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund |
שנה |
2012 |
הערות |
Description based upon print version of record. Includes bibliographical references. |
הערת תוכן ותקציר |
Cover Contents I. Introduction Figures 1. Demographic Change (1980-2040) 2. Working-age Population Change (1950-2050) 3. Immigration and Female Labor Participation 4. Real GDP: Policy Scenario with Higher Female Participation II. Explaining Differences in FLP Rates across OECD Countries 5. FLP Distribution Across 22 Countries 6. Difference by Gender in Prime-age Labor Participation Rate A. Empirical Results: The Role of Demographics Tables 1. Gap between FLP and MLP, and Demographic Variables 7. Demographic Variables and FLP Changes (1970-2007) B. Empirical Results Continued: The Role of Policies2. Change Over Time in Number of Children and Education Effects 8. Ratio of Demographic Variables SDs in 2005 to 1980 SDs 3. Effects on FLP by One S.D. Change of Each Variable 9. Marginal Effects of Family Allowance and Tax Wedge III. Why Is Japan Different? 10. FLP-MLP Gap vs. Childcare per Child 11.1 FLP vs. Children per Woman (1980) 11.2 FLP vs. Children per Woman (2008) 12. Children per Woman vs. Childcare per Child (2007) IV. Women to the Rescue: Policies to Raise FLP in Japan A. Hurdle 1: Employment and Promotion Policies 13. Female Managers (2009)14. Female Sogoshoku Workers in 2000 and 2008 15. Gender Gap in Median Wages (2009) B. Hurdle 2: Balancing Family Responsibilities with Work 16. Female Labor Participation Rate by Age Group (2009) 17. Take-up Rate of Parental Leave (1996-2011) 18. New Mothers' Maternity Leave (2008) 19. Enrollment of Small Children in Formal Childcare (2008) 20. Daycare Capacity and Waitlisted Children (2002-2010) 4. Reasons for Stay Out of Labor Market among Female Labor Force, 2010 21. Time Dedicated to Childcare by Men 22. Public Expenditure on Child Support (2005) C. Special Issues for Low-Income Households23.1 Institutional Advantages for Spouses by Annual Income 23.2 Distribution of Female Annual Wage (2007) V. Conclusions 24. Relative Poverty Rate for Single-Parent Household Boxes 1. The Netherlands' Part-Time Economy 25. Female Labor Participation in Japan and the Netherlands 26. Female Part-time Employment (2010) 2. Family-Friendly Sweden 27. Parental and Maternity Leave vs. Compensation (2008) Appendix I. Additional Tables and Figures 5. Number of Observations in the Dataset (1960-2008) 6. Latest Data Available 7. Correlation among All Variables8. Gap between FLP and MLP, and Demographic and Policy Variables 9. Gap between FLP and MLP, and Demographic and Policy Variables including Marriage Rate 10. Regression of FLP on Demographic and Policy Variables 11. Effects on FLP by One S.D. Change of Ten-year Average Variables 28. Scatter Plots of Each Variable in Levels 29. Scatter Plots of Each Variable in Changes 30. Scatter Plots of Each Ten-year Mean Variable at Level 31. Within Variable Explanation 32. Cross-section Explanation 33. Cross-section Explanation using Ten-year Average Appendix II. Definition and Sources of Data |
סדרה |
IMF Working Papers |
היקף החומר |
1 online resource (52 p.) |
שפה |
אנגלית |
מספר מערכת |
997010720454905171 |
תצוגת MARC
תגיות
- Women Employment Japan.
- Women Japan.
- Labor
- Macroeconomics
- Women''s Studies'
- Employment
- Unemployment
- Wages
- Intergenerational Income Distribution
- Aggregate Human Capital
- Aggregate Labor Productivity
- Labor Economics Policies
- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- Labor Discrimination
- Economics of Gender
- Non-labor Discrimination
- Labor Economics: General
- Education: General
- Demand and Supply of Labor: General
- Gender studies
- women & girls
- Labour
- income economics
- Education
- Women
- Labor markets
- Gender
- Labor force
- Labor economics
- Labor market
- Economic theory
- Human females
- Wimmin
- nne Woman
- Womon
- Womyn
- Japan
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