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Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Dung Beetles

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The current work synthesises and updates most of the major elements covered in those studies, but introduces several novel sections in a phylogenetic approach to the natural history of dung beetles. The aspects covered, in five sections, are the following: (A) Evolution and ecological success of dung beetles; (B) Physiological and behavioural ecology of dung beetles; (C) Phylogeny of the Scarabaeinae; (D) Historical biogeography of the Scarabaeinae and its physical and biotic drivers; (E) Conservation of dung beetles. The content of the book is balanced in such a way that the information contained in it should be of interest to general entomologists, research specialists on dung beetle natural history, insects systematists, students of entomology, agricultural scientists and insect conservationists. The authors of the book were based in the Scarab Research Group in the Department of Zoology and Entomology at the University of Pretoria, South Africa during the planning and first stages of writing of the book. Ute Kryger has since returned to her native Germany after spending six years as a post-doctoral research fellow in the research group. Adrian Davis and Clarke Scholtz are still there; AD as a senior research fellow and CS as Professor of Entomology.

כותר Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Dung Beetles
מהדורה 1st ed.
מוציא לאור [Place of publication not identified] Pensoft Publishers
שנה 2012
הערות Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
English
הערת תוכן ותקציר Cover -- Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Introduction -- Section A. Evolution and Ecological Success of Dung Beetles -- Chapter 1: The Origin of Dung Beetles -- The Fossil Record -- Distribution of Dung Beetles -- The Origin of Dung Feeding -- Chapter 2: Evolution of Feeding, Competition, and Life History Strategies -- Feeding Strategies -- Alternative food sources -- Vertebrate carrion -- Invertebrate carrion -- Predation -- Association with land snails -- Fungi -- Detritus -- Competition -- Interference competition between dung beetlesand other insects -- Intra-specific competition -- Aggregation -- Competition among rollers -- Competition among dwellers -- Competition among tunnellers -- Life-History Strategies -- Chapter 3: Pre-Copulatory Behaviour, Sexual Attraction, Mate Selection and Co-Operative Breeding -- Pre-Copulatory Behaviour -- Sexual Attraction -- Mate Selection -- Bisexual Co-Operation -- Chapter 4: Nesting and Breeding Patterns -- Nesting -- Nesting in rollers -- Small size as a constraint on the ability to roll balls -- Nesting in tunnellers and dwellers -- Kleptocoprids -- Rolling vs tunnelling -- Nesting in the different groups -- Tunnellers -- Rollers -- Egg-Laying -- Larval Development -- Amount of food sequestered -- Protection of brood -- Larval spacing -- Pupation -- Chapter 5: Special Morphological Features of Dung Beetles -- Mouthparts -- Eyes -- Horns -- Legs -- Wings -- Relationship between wing reduction and reduction inother organs in dung beetles -- Spiracles and the Sub-Elytral Cavity -- Abdominal Glands -- The Female Reproductive System -- Larval Morphology -- The case for Pachysoma larvae -- Dung Beetle Colour -- Section B. Physiological and Behavioural Ecology -- Chapter 6: Food and Feeding in Dung Beetles -- Feeding in Adults -- What Dung Beetles Eat -- Food Quality.
Water content of dung -- Ash content of dung -- Nitrogen content of dung -- Carbon content of dung -- Feeding in Pachysoma Glentoni - A Special Case -- Feeding in Larvae -- Effect of quantity and quality of food on larval morphology -- Parental determination of quality and quantity of larval food -- Chapter 7: Environmental Influence on the Development of Colour -- Colour Polymorphism -- Functions of Colour -- Chapter 8: The Role of Thermoregulation and Orientation in the Avoidance of Competition -- Endothermy Providing for Competitive Advantage -- Endothermy in rollers -- Diurnal rollers -- Nocturnal rollers -- Facultative endothermy, and ectothermy in flightless dung beetles -- Behavioural thermoregulation -- The use of light in competitive flight behaviour -- Orientation and Avoidance of Competition -- The sun as an orientation cue -- The use of polarised light for orientation -- Chapter 9: The Loss of Flight -- The Influence of Habitat on Flightlessness -- Forest habitat -- Desert habitat -- Mountains as habitat -- Islands as habitat -- Association with social insects -- Phoretic associations -- The Effects of Habitat Stability on Flightlessness -- Taxonomy of Flightless Dung Beetles -- Canthonini -- Sisyphini -- Eucraniini and Pachysoma (Scarabaeini) -- Chapter 10: Respiration and Water Conservation -- The Sub-Elytral Cavity -- The Discontinuous Gas Exchange Respiratory Cycle and Water Conservation -- Hypotheses of the genesis of discontinuous gas exchange cycles -- Hygric hypothesis -- Chthonic hypothesis -- Strolling arthropods hypothesis -- Water Loss in Dung Beetles -- Water Conservation in Dung Beetles -- Chapter 11: Sexual Selection in Dung Beetles -- Sexual Selection in Tunnellers -- Phanaeini -- Onthophagini -- Oniticellini -- Sexual Selection in Rollers -- Canthonini -- Scarabaeini -- Section C. Phylogeny Of The Scarabaeinae.
Chapter 12: Currently-Recognised Tribes of Scarabaeinae -- Tunnelers -- Dichotomiini -- Onitini -- Phanaeini -- Coprini -- Oniticellini -- Onthophagini -- Rollers -- Canthonini -- Scarabaeini -- Gymnopleurini -- Eucraniini -- Eurysternini -- Sisyphini -- Chapter 13: Phylogenetic Studies of the Scarabaeinae -- Zunino (1983) -- Montreuil (1998) -- Villalba, Lobo, Martĺn-Piera and Zardoya (2002) -- Philips, Pretorius and Scholtz (2004) -- Ocampo And Hawks (2006) -- Monaghan, Inward, Hunt and Vogler (2007) -- Sole And Scholtz (2009) -- Section D. Historical Biogeography of the Scarabaeinae and its Physical and Biotic Drivers -- Chapter 14: Historical Origin, Evolutionary Timescale, and its Drivers -- Ancestral Derivation and Evolutionary Specialization to Dung -- Mesozoic Versus Cenozoic Origin -- Chapter 15: Evidence for Various Evolutionary Hypotheses -- Phylogenetic Evidence -- Direct Fossil Evidence -- Evidence from the Vertebrate Fossil Record, Evolutionary Ecology, and Phylogeny -- Biogeographical Evidence -- Conclusions -- Chapter 16: Classification, Phylogeny, Spatial Patterns and Biogeographical Hypotheses -- Rationalizing Classification and Phylogeny -- Between-Region Spatial Patterns: Trophic, Behavioural and Taxon Diversity -- Implications of Recent Research for Biogeographical Hypotheses -- Vicariance, dispersal or range expansion hypotheses, routes, and timescale -- Chapter 17: Outlines of Composition, Spatial Patternand Hypothetical Origins of Regional Dung Beetle Faunas -- Afro-Eurasia -- Afrotropical -- Oriental -- Palaearctic -- Americas -- Nearctic -- Neotropical -- Caribbean -- East Gondwana Fragments -- Madagascar -- Mauritius -- Australasia - New Guinea and Australia -- Australasia - New Caledonia -- Australasia - New Zealand -- Chapter 18: Conclusions -- Section E. Conservation of Dung Beetles.
Chapter 19: The Importance of Dung Beetles in Ecosystems -- Ecological Functions -- Ecosystem Services -- Suppression of dung breeding pests and parasites -- Secondary seed dispersal -- Pollination -- Nutrient cycling -- Bioturbation -- Enhancement of plant growth -- Aesthetic, spiritual and religious relevance of scarab beetles -- Estimated monetary value of ecosystem servicesdelivered by dung beetles -- Conclusion -- Chapter 20: Effects of Habitat Destruction and Fragmentation on Dung Beetles -- Terms and Definitions -- Effects of Anthropogenic Habitat Destruction -- Severe impacts of habitat destruction on dung beetles andother insects -- Conservation value of secondary forest -- Why hunting mammals is bad for dung beetles -- Scales of impact and conservation -- The impact of habitat fragmentation and loss on genetic diversity -- Chapter 21: Dung Beetles as Bio-Indicators -- The Need for Invertebrate Bio-Indicators -- Necessary Traits of Invertebrate Bio-Indicators -- How Dung Beetles Meet the Criteria for Bio-Indicators -- Chapter 22: Conservation of Dung Beetles and Modern Parasite Management -- Parasiticides in the Livestock Industry, and their Non-Target Effects -- Different Types of Parasiticides -- Parasiticide Persistence in the Environment -- Deleterious Effects of the Different Types of Parasiticides on Dung Beetles -- Non-target effects of anthelmintics -- Non-target effects of ectocides -- Organophosphates -- Insect growth regulators -- Synthetic pyrethroids -- Non-target effects of endectocides -- Chapter 23: Mitigation Options -- Mitigating Adverse Effects of Chemical Parasite Management -- Mitigating General Threats to Dung Beetles and Biodiversity -- Chapter 24: Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index -- Appendix A. World genera of dung beetles.
היקף החומר 1 online resource (568 pages)
שפה אנגלית
מספר מערכת 997010714223605171
תצוגת MARC

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