The Resistance Movement in the Cracow Ghetto during the Nazi Occupation

Hakhsharah in Leopoldanow, where most former members of Akiva Bet were gathered, disbonding for fear of the Russians. Departure of many members to L'vov. Young Akiva Bet members left in the city prior to ghetto period acting without leadership. German occupation of L'vov, June 1941, bringing back many movement members to reinforce the group. Maniek Aizenstein, leader in fighting organization Hehalutz Halohem, recruiting members selectively. Interviewee's role in raising funds and selling "Arian" certificates made by Shimon Draenger for Hehalutz Halohem. Akiva Bet emphasizing rescue in contrast to emphasis put by Akiva Aleph on resistance. Fate of Maniek Aisenstein after being caught in Aktion of October, 1942: escaped from the train on the way to Belzec, caught by the Jewish police on the 25 of November, handed over to the Gestapo and liquidated. Akiva Bet ceasing armed activities prior to the Zyganeria Operation. Rescue plan: flight through the border to Hungary. Escaping using counterfeit certificates.