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موضوع
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رقم النظام
987012575329805171
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تم الحفظ بنجاحהפריט קיים באזור האישישגיאהلحفظ المحتوى الرجاء تسجيل الدخول
معلومات حول الهوية:
الاسم الرئيس (بالعبرية)
אינטראקציה פרא-חברתית
الاسم الرئيس (باللاتينية)
Parasocial interaction
الاسم الرئيس (بالعربية)
تفاعل شبه اجتماعي
صِيَغ اسمية أخرى
Interaction, Parasocial
Para-social interaction
موضوع ذو صلة
Mass media Social aspects
Social psychology
MARC
MARC
أرقام تعريفية أخرى
Wikidata:
Q2051893
Library of congress:
sh2021007068
مصادر المعلومات
- Work cat.: Rojek, C. Presumed intimacy : parasocial interaction in media, society and celebrity culture, 2016: p. 13 (From the 1950s, Horton and Wohl were working with the parallel idea of para-social interaction. This is a concept with more powerful emotional implications for the conventional senses of social responsibility and reciprocity than Milgram's concept of familiar strangers. It refers to relationships of presumed intimacy between media figures and network spectators)
- The Sage international encyclopedia of mass media and society, 2020:p. 1338 (Parasocial interaction, PSI, is a phenomenon in which media viewers find themselves involved in an imaginary, one-sided interpersonal interaction with media personalities or performers)
- p. 1 (Parasocial interaction theory describes one-sided relationships that media consumers may form with celebrities, television characters, or media personalities. These relationships approximate the two-sided relationships that a person would have with people he or she really knows, and can feel very intimate. More recently, the theory is applied to the relationships social media users form with influencers ( (Doran, K.A. My friend AOC : parasocial interaction and political social media, 2020:) )
- parasocial interaction (PSI, para-social interaction). A term coined by Horton and Wohl in 1956 to refer to a kind of psychological relationship experienced by members of an audience in their mediated encounters with certain performers in the mass media, particularly on television. Regular viewers come to feel that they know familiar television personalities almost as friends ( (Oxford Reference, viewed June 29, 2021) )
- Encyclopedia of media violence, 2013:p. 277 (The term parasocial interaction was first introduced in 1956 by Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl. They noted that some television viewers engage in one-direction, quasi-social interactions with media performers. Parasocial interactions refer to viewers' experiences during media exposure, but over time, parasocial interactions can grow into parasocial relationships that endure across multiple media encounters and can persist outside the context of media exposure)
- p. 25 (Parasocial interaction and parasocial relationship refer to related but distinct theoretical concepts. Parasocial interaction refers to a faux sense of mutual awareness that can only occur during viewing. In contrast, parasocial relationship refers to a longer-term association that may begin to develop during viewing, but also extends beyond the media exposure situation. Alternatively, parasocial relationship can develop without any parasocial interaction. Such might be the case for a viewer who observes a character that does not break the "fourth wall" and directly address the viewer (e.g., most fictional characters). Thus, even though no illusory mutual awareness is occurring, no parasocial interaction, the viewer can still form a longer-term association with the character, parasocial relationship ( (Parasocial interaction and parasocial relationship : conceptual clarification and a critical assessment of measures, 2015:) )
- The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being : international perspectives on theory and research on positive media effects, 2017:p. 133 (A parasocial interaction can be understood as the illusion of being in a reciprocal social interaction (although one is not), whereas it is not necessary to qualify the social relationships users develop towards media characters as illusionary (users may be fully aware of their one-sided nature). Furthermore, a parasocial interaction is initiated by and, thus, requires the presence of a mediated other, whereas a parasocial relationship can be experienced and also continues to exist even if the mediated other is not present. Furthermore, a parasocial interaction is neither inherently positive nor negative and it can be equally felt towards mediated others one likes or dislikes. In contrast, parasocial relationships can be defined and distinguished by their valence (e.g., friendship versus antipathy). A parasocial interaction and a parasocial relationship are triggered by different factors, e.g., a parasocial interaction by forms of addressing like eye-gazing, a positive parasocial relationship by the mediated other displaying attractive traits or behavior that instigate liking. Furthermore, encounters triggering parasocial interaction may contribute to parasocial relationships, but intense parasocial relationships can be formed without any parasocial interaction ever taking place. A typical and common example is if users develop parasocial relationships after only observing rather than "seemingly interacting with" characters e.g., as in most movies, TV series, or fictional formats in which characters do not "break the fourth wall." Clearly, parasocial interaction and relationships can be meaningfully distinguished)
- Parasocial interaction: An imagined interaction with a media figure during a discrete viewing situation ( (ThoughtCo, website viewed Sept. 29, 2021) )