Elaine Massacre, Elaine, Ark., 1919
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موضوع
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رقم النظام
987012431155405171
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تم الحفظ بنجاحהפריט קיים באזור האישישגיאהلحفظ المحتوى الرجاء تسجيل الدخول
معلومات حول الهوية:
الاسم الرئيس (باللاتينية)
Elaine Massacre, Elaine, Ark., 1919
صِيَغ اسمية أخرى
Arkansas Race Riot, Elaine, Ark., 1919
Elaine Race Massacre, Elaine, Ark., 1919
nne Elaine Race Riot, Elaine, Ark., 1919
Elaine Riot, Elaine, Ark., 1919
موضوع ذو صلة
Massacres Arkansas
Race riots Arkansas
MARC
MARC
أرقام تعريفية أخرى
Wikidata:
Q5353272
Library of congress:
sh2007009624
مصادر المعلومات
- Work cat.: 2007045820: Whitaker, R. The Elaine Massacre, Scipio Africanus Jones and the struggle for justice ... c2008.
- Encyc. of Ark. history & culture WWW homepage, Nov. 6, 2007(Elaine Massacre, Elaine Race Riot, Elaine Race Massacre; Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 1919; grew out of an African American sharecroppers' meeting near Elaine, Ark. when black guards and white opponents exchanged gun fire; violence later spread to other parts of Phillips County; "the deadliest racial confrontation in Arkansas history and possibly the the bloodiest racial conflict in the history of the U.S."; estimated by number of African Americans killed, range into the hundreds)
- Wikipedia WWW encyc., Nov. 6, 2007(Elaine Race Riot)
- Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation WWW homepage, Nov. 6, 2007(Elaine Riot)
- Wells-Barnett, Ida B. Arkansas Race Riot, 1920:caption (Elaine Riot, Elaine (Ark.) Riot)
- inscription on memorial reads "Elaine Massacre Memorial" ( (Elaine Massacre Memorial, May 4, 2021:) )
- 116th Congress, House Resolution 150:Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Elaine Massacre
- Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, September 29, 2019, page 1E:Marking a tragedy : memorial to those who died in the Elaine Massacre enmeshed in controversy (The Elaine Massacre Memorial) ( (The Guardian, August 18, 2019: A rural town confronts its buried history of mass killings of black Americans ("The Elaine Massacre marked one of the darkest moments in our state's history," the office of Arkansas's governor, said in an email.)) )
- the little-known Elaine Massacre in Phillips County, Arkansas, which took place in October 1919 ( (New York Times Review of Books, September 30, 2019, The ghosts of Elaine, Arkansas, 1919:) )
- Arkansas residents make a case for reparations 100 years after the Elaine Massacre. (Scott surmises that the young girl may have been one of the hundred--or hundreds--of black sharecroppers killed that year in what is now known as the Elaine Race Massacre. ( (American Prospect, September 30, 2019:) )
- The three days of violence that ensued would later become known as The Elaine Race Massacre. ( (Arkansas Governor Asa Hutchinson's weekly address, February 17, 2017:) )
- Google, June 22, 2021:("Elaine Massacre", 99,500 hits; "Elaine Race Massacre", 42,300 hits; "Arkansas Race Riot": 9,410 hits; "Elaine Riot", 4,730 hits; "Elaine Race Riot": 4,550 hits)
- Uenuma, Francine. The massacre of Black sharecroppers that led the Supreme Court to curb the racial disparities of the justice system, article in Smithsonian magazine Aug. 2, 2018, viewed online Aug. 6, 2021:(sharecroppers gathered for a meeting at a church to press for a fairer share of profits; on Sept. 30, 1919; local white men fired shots into the church; shots returned; rumors of an armed insurrection against white residents spread; governor called up soldiers, who were "under order to shoot to kill any negro who refused to surrender immediately"; soldiers banded together with local vigilantes; at least 200 African Americans, including women and children, were killed; five whites died; known as the Elaine massacre)