Russia. Okhrannyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡
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معلومات حول الهوية:
الاسم الرئيس (باللاتينية)
Russia. Okhrannyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡
صِيَغ اسمية أخرى
Russia. Czarist Secret Police
Russia. Okhrannoe otdelenie
Russia. Otdi︠e︡lenīe po okhranenīi︠u︡ obshchestvennoĭ bezopastnosti i pori︠a︡dka
Russia. Otdi︠e︡lʹnyĭ korpus zhandarmov. Okhrannyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡
Russia. Political Police
Russia. Rozysknyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡
Russia. Security Division
Russia. Security Divisions
Russia. Tsarist Secret Police
Bureau for the Public Security, Safety, and Order
Czarist Secret Police
OO (Okhrannyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡)
Okhranka
Okhrannoe otdelenie (Russia)
Okhrannye otdelenii︠a︡ (Russia)
Okhrannyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡ (Russia)
Political Police (Russia)
Russia. Okhrannye otdeleniia
Russia. Departament politsii. Okhrannyia otdieleniia
Russia. Secret Police
Russia. Rozyskye Otdeleniia
Okhrana
Ochrana
Russia. Otdelnyi Korpus Zhandarmov. Okhrannyia Otdieleniia
لغات ذات صلة
rus
بيانات بيوغرافية أو تاريخية
Abolished in 1917
MARC
MARC
مصادر المعلومات
- Gosudarstvennostʹ Rossii, 2001:v. 3, p. 283-284 (Okhrannoe otdelenie. 1866-1917. Local organs under the auspices of the Departament polit︠s︡ii Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del, and effecting political espionage in Tsarist Russia. With the circular of 9 May 1913 all Okhrannoe otdelenie were abolished with the exception of the Peterburgskoe, Moskovskoe, and Varshavskoe, which were abolished by the decree of 10 May 1917)
- Information from 678 converted Dec. 17, 2014(Abolished in 1917)
- The last noble gendarme, 2021:CIP galley (The agency that Globachev was the chief of between 1915 and 1917 had the official name of "Bureau for the Public Security, Safety, and Order in Petrograd"; There were two other such major offices in the empire, one was in Moscow and the other was in Warsaw; Different authors have translated this lengthy title into "Political Police," "Secret Police," and sometimes put in an added title--"Department"; I refer to these offices as "Security Bureau" in order to be clear that these were not the Department of Police, which had supervisory authority over these bureaus; In addition, these Security Bureaus also had connection to the city administration where they operated)
- Hoffmann-Harnisch, W. Terror und Ochrana. 1931 (subj.)
- LC manual auth. cd.(hdg.: Russia. Okhrannye otdelenii︠a︡; usage: Okhrannyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡; Okhrana; Ochrana; previously named Rozysknyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡ [no publs. in LC data base], it was under the auspices of the Otdi︠e︡lʹnyĭ korpus zhandarmov. Renamed Feb. 19, 1903 as the Okhrannyi︠a︡ otdi︠e︡lenīi︠a︡, its activities were to be confined to the combat of political crimes)
- Bolʹshai︠a︡ sov. ėnt︠s︡ikl., 3rd ed.:v. 19, p. 43 (Okhrannoe otdelenie; Okhranka; before 1903 known as Otdelenie po okhranenii︠u︡ obshchestvennoĭ bezopasnosti i pori︠a︡dka [no publs. in LC data base]; a local organ of political investigation in Tsarist Russia, subordinate to the Departament polit︠s︡īi; the first otdelenie was created in St. Petersburg in 1866; by 1914 there were 26, with the Moskovskoe otdelenie serving as the central coordinating body)
- Pushkarev, S.G. Dictionary of Russian historical terms ... 1970:p. 78 (Okhrannoe otdelenie; okhranka (colloq.); in St. Petersburg, Moscow and other large cities, a special section for political police, established within the general police administration)
- Smith, E.E. The Okhrana, 1967:p. 15, etc. (The term Okhrana often functions as an umbrella title, the various tsarist security-intelligence organs did not refer to themselves collectively as Okhrannye otdelenii︠a︡; this title apparently is of foggy and inexplicable revolutionary origin, though it seems relatively clear that Russian revolutionaries or journalists coined the term probably about 1881 or 1882)
- The tsarist secret police in Russian society, 1880-1917, 1996:p. xiv (Tsarist political police were called Okhrana or Okhranka both by contemporaries as well as subsequent historians) p. xvi (Okhrannoe otdelenie (Security Division), OO; these political police bureaus were located in major cities and centres of revolutionary activity) folded leaf (Security Divisions (Okhrannye otdeleniia) [OOs]; located in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Warsaw)
- Gosudarstvennostʹ Rossii, 2001:v. 3, p. 283-284 (Okhrannoe otdelenie. 1866-1917. Local organs under the auspices of the Departament polit︠s︡ii Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del, and effecting political espionage in Tsarist Russia. With the circular of 9 May 1913 all Okhrannoe otdelenie were abolished withthe exception of the Peterburgskoe, Moskovskoe, and Varshavskoe, which were abolished by the decree of 10 May 1917)
- Google, 05-16-02www.angelfire.com/dc/1spy/Okhrana (Okhrana--Czarist Secret Police in Russia. The chief reason for the existence of the Okhrana, the monarchist secret police in Russia, was to protect the Czar. (The word "Okhrana" means "guard.") In its protection of the Czar, his family, officials, and top military leaders, the Okhrana, in another form, had existed since the days of Ivan the Terrible in the sixteenth century. The latter-day [Moscow] Okhrana was officially organized in 1881 by Czar Alexander III)
- The Tsarist Secret Police abroad, c2003.
- www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/okhrana/5474-1(Okhrana--Russian Imperial Police)
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Okhranka group photo
Фотография ателье Буллы, Public domain
ملخص ويكيبيديا:
أوخرانا أو أوخرانكا (الروسية: охра́нка وتعني حماية أو حراسة، وهي اختصار الاسم الرسمي المختصر Охра́нное отделе́ние أي قسم حماية الأمن والنظام) هي الشرطة السرية السياسية للإمبراطورية الروسية في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وأوائل القرن العشرين. والاسم الشائع لهذه المنظمة الروسية هو «أوخرانكا».
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