היהודים הקראים במזרח אירופה בעבר ובהווה

Surveys the history of Karaite communities in Europe from the 13th century; ch. 6 (pp. 163-176) discusses the situation of the Karaites in the Nazi period. In 1938 Karaites in Poland asked local authorities to intervene on their behalf and have them declared non-Jews. In 1941 they enlisted the aid of several rabbinic Jewish historians, who attempted to convince the Germans that the Karaites were not Jewish. Despite their attempts, hundreds of Karaites were killed by the Nazis. On the other hand, there were some rabbinic Jews, particularly in Odessa and in the area of Vilna, who were saved by posing as Karaites. While the Germans classified Karaites as non-Jews, Vichy French authorities refused to do so. French Karaites made many attempts to change the Vichy policy, but failed, and they suffered from all of the anti-Jewish measures. (From the Bibliography of the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)