Autobiographical interviews of Jews born in German speaking countries ("Yekkes") - 50/60 years after their immigration to Israel

Born 10/21/1017, Berlin. Training in big Jewish concern Hachshara. 1938 emigration via Sweden to Italy, 1939 to Palestine. Work in the Kibbutz, British Army in Egypt, personal assistant in publishing company and ministry of trade and commerce. After 20 years break (children) secretary of the editor-in- chief of Ha'Aretz, Gershon Schocken until 1990. Retirement in 1991. Honorary work on a research project of the University of Tel Aviv. Interview: Conversations with Germans. About a friend. Her children. Daughter knows German fluently. Son also knows German, but not very well. She spoke Hebrew with her children. Arrived at the age of 22, knew her husband before. They spoke German. About her knowledge of Hebrew. Learned Hebrew in Germany already. Religious parental home. School years: first she was with the communists then she became a Zionist, taught. About Hebrew ortography and pronunciation. Parents decided she was going to have Hebrew lessons in 1930. Father was a good German but with little education. About Crete and the Minoers. About Sicily and the Mafia. About her travels. Ha-Chaluz: Sweden and Italy. Winter in Milan. Illegal immigration, now she works on a research project about illegal immigration at the University of Tel Aviv. Parents were in Berlin: father owned a Deli, wanted to emigrate during the 20s but friend advised him not to. Father could not get a certificate. Was allowed to take along furniture and the library, but the things never arrived. Why she ; threw away all the old letters. Husband was accountant. She applied for a certificate for her parents but did not succeed. Father was granted an emergency certificate as persecuted person by the British consul. Parents left Germany the night war broke out without knowing it. When the Italian ship came to Haifa it was not allowed to land. The ship went to Bulgaria and her parents were interned Later they emigrated on a neutral ship but could not take along their belongings. Their lift went to Spain and then back to Hamburg. Brother had emigrated to Denmark before. She was in Kibbutz Hasorea and lived in a subsidiary. 3 ½ years in the Kibbutz with Rumanians, difficult. About life in the Kibbutz. Work in Hadassa, husband in the Brtish Army in Egypt. Husband had a student's certificate, worked in a bank. 1940/41 military service. Parents came to the Kibbutz, very difficult situation. Parents led a kosher house, but gave children enough freedom. Religious attitude: religious as a child but then communist. Mother from Budapest, Father from Hungary. Grandmother from Poland. All relatives of her father died in Poland. About circumstances of persecution in different countries. Thinks that Poland was worst. Visits to Germany. About East Germany. Likes to read literature in the original language. About influence on German literature on her.