Crna ruka
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Corporate Body
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Information for Authority record
- Bernaś, F. Cień "Czarnej Rȩki," 1990:t.p. (Czarnej Rȩki) p. 111, etc. (organizacja "Zjednoczenie albo Śmierć")
- Enc. Jugoslavije(Ujedinjenje ili smrt, more commonly known as Crna ruka, secret conspiratorial organization est. 1911 in Belgrade, whose goal was the union of Serbs into a national state, instrumental in organization of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, 1914; disbanded in 1917)
- Enc. Brit., 15th ed.(Black Hand, byname of Ujedinjenje ili smrt)
Wikipedia description:
Unification or Death (Serbian: Уједињење или смрт, romanized: Ujedinjenje ili smrt), popularly known as the Black Hand (Црна рука, Crna ruka), was a secret military society formed in May 1911 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia. It was famous for its alleged involvement in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914, triggering World War I, and for the earlier assassination of the Serbian royal couple in 1903, under the aegis of Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević (a.k.a. "Apis"). The society formed to unite all of the territories with a South Slavic majority that were not then ruled by either Serbia or Montenegro. It took inspiration primarily from the unification of Italy in 1859–1870, but also from the unification of Germany in 1871. Through its connections to the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, carried out by the members of the youth movement Young Bosnia, the Black Hand was instrumental in starting World War I (1914–1918) by precipitating the July Crisis of 1914, which eventually led to Austria-Hungary's invasion of the Kingdom of Serbia in August 1914.
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