Nationalism Germany

[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|The current flag of Germany was originally designed in 1848 and used at the Frankfurt Parliament, then by the Weimar Republic, then by East Germany and West Germany from 1949 and 1989, and then from 1989 to present, right after German reunification.[[File:Reichsadler Manesse.png|thumb|upright=1.9|The Reichsadler ("imperial eagle") from the coat of arms of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Germany, dated 1304. The Reichsadler is the predecessor of the Bundesadler with the heraldic animal. (National emblem of Germany).|170x170px]]]] German nationalism (German: Deutscher Nationalismus) is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and of the Germanosphere into one unified nation-state. It emphasizes and takes pride in the patriotism and national identity of Germans as one nation and one people. German nationalism, and the concept of nationalism itself, began during the late 18th century, which later gave rise to Pan-Germanism. Advocacy of a German nation-state among German speakers, became an important political force in response to the invasion of German territories by France under General Napoleon Bonaparte. In the 19th century, Germans debated the German question over whether the German nation-state should comprise a "Lesser Germany" that excluded the Austrian Empire completely or a "Greater Germany" that included the Austrian Empire or at least its German speaking part. The Faction led by first German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck succeeded in forging a "Lesser Germany" German nation-state, known as the German Empire during the Unification of Germany. Aggressive German nationalism and territorial expansion were key factors leading to both World Wars. Before the start of World War I, Germany established Its colonial empire, which became the third-largest, after Britain and France. In the 1930s, the Nazis came to power and sought to unify all ethnic Germans under the Dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, eventually leading to the attempted extermination of Jews, Slavs, Romani, and other people who were deemed Untermenschen ("subhumans") during the Holocaust in World War II. After the major defeat of Nazi Germany, the nation was occupied by the Allied forces, then divided into East Germany (by the Soviets) and West Germany (by the Americans and their allies) during the opening stages of the Cold War, and each state retained a sense of German identity and held reunification as a goal, albeit under its own leadership. The creation of the European Union was in part an effort to harness a German identity to a broader European identity. West Germany underwent its economic miracle following the war which led to the creation of a guest worker program; many of these workers settled in Germany which led to tensions around questions of national and cultural identity, especially within regards to Turks who immigrated to Germany. German reunification was achieved in 1990 following Die Wende, an event that caused some alarm both inside and outside Germany. Germany has emerged as a great power in Europe and in the world; its role in the European debt crisis and the European migrant crisis led to criticism of German authoritarian abuse of its power, especially with regard to the Greek debt crisis, and raised questions within and outside Germany as to its global role. Due to post-1945 repudiation of the Nazi regime and its atrocities, German nationalism has generally been viewed in the country as taboo. A wave of national pride swept the country during the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Far-right parties that stress German national identity and pride have existed since the end of World War II but have never governed. According to the academic Correlates of War project, patriotism in Germany before World War I ranked at or near the top, whereas today it ranks at or near the bottom of patriotism surveys. However, there are also other surveys according to which modern Germany is highly very patriotic.