Glycosuria

Glycosuria is the excretion of a reducing sugar into the urine. Glucosuria connotes the presence of glucose in the urine and is the most frequent type of glycosuria. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream. Glucosuria is nearly always caused by an elevated blood sugar level, most commonly due to untreated diabetes. Rarely, glucosuria is due to an intrinsic problem with glucose reabsorption within the kidneys (such as Fanconi syndrome), producing a condition termed renal glycosuria. Glycosuria leads to excessive water loss into the urine with resultant dehydration, a process called osmotic diuresis. Alimentary glycosuria is a temporary condition, when a high amount of carbohydrate is taken, it is rapidly absorbed in some cases where a part of the stomach is surgically removed, the excessive glucose appears in urine producing glycosuria (glucosuria). Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitor medications ("gliflozins" or "flozins") produce glucosuria as their primary mechanism of action, by inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidneys and thereby interfering with renal glucose reabsorption.