Sutherland, George, 1862-1942

George Alexander Sutherland (March 25, 1862 – July 18, 1942) was a British-born American jurist and politician who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1922 to 1938. A member of the Republican Party, he also represented Utah in the U.S. Senate from 1905 to 1917 and in the House of Representatives from 1901 to 1903. Born in Buckinghamshire, England, Sutherland immigrated to the United States with his family as a young child in the 1860s. After attending the University of Michigan Law School, Sutherland established a legal practice in Provo, Utah, and won election to the Utah State Senate. Sutherland won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1900 and to the U.S. Senate in 1905. As a member of Congress, Sutherland supported several progressive policies but generally aligned with the party's conservative wing. He won re-election in 1911 but was defeated in the 1916 election by Democrat William H. King. Sutherland made up part of the "Four Horsemen", a group of conservative justices that often voted to strike down New Deal legislation. He retired from the Supreme Court in 1938, and was succeeded by Stanley Forman Reed. Sutherland wrote the Court's majority opinion in cases such as Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., Powell v. Alabama, Carter v. Carter Coal Co., Adkins v. Children's Hospital, Blockburger v. United States, and U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp..