Autobiographical interviews of Jews born in German speaking countries ("Yekkes") - 50/60 years after their immigration to Israel

Born 12/23/1913, Berlin. 1920-23 primary school, 1923-28 junior high school. Interview: Childhood memories: childhood and Berlin and memories of WWI, the Zoo, Berlin dialect. 1920 Vietz/Brandenburg he was different because of his dialect. Parents: Father from Jastrov/ Western Prussia, a cigarette manufacturer, mother from Bromberg and religious. 1925: consecration against his father's will. Schooling: 6 years of junior high school, commercial apprenticeship. Did not know that he was a Jew until 1923. First contact with Jews in Schneidermuehl -> Jewish Youth Movement, became a Zionist. 1923/30 unemployment, wanted to join the army but father refused to sign -> Berlin, member of Betar (national-jewish-zionist movement), decision to emigrate to Palestine. Why he became a Zionist. 05/28/1933 France: Hachshara. He received the certificate. Arrival in Palestine: no money, first jobs. Arab Revolt in 1936. Construction work, Position in Jaffa, became a horse riding policeman. Illness. Language: German in Tel-Aviv, Yiddish at the Construction, English. Relationship to Arabs. Entefade, PLO and Gestapo. Experiences with Arabs. 1942 North African Front, 3 Episodes including Arabs. Family: came to Zemach in 1937. Episode about girls. How his wife came to Palestine, Wedding in 1940, 3 children. Language Situation: two daugthers speak German, about his knowledge of German, English and Hebrew. About his son (studied economy, became police officer, engineer and now tour guide). The ; difficulties in going back to Germany as a Jew. Reasons for emigration: because he was a Zionist. The situation in Germany before he emigrated concerning education. Professional career of himself and his wife. About voluntary work and why old people cannot stop to work. Considers himself as German. Proud to be a Jekke. About German habits and the importance of education and origin. Claims, that he will never be a real Israeli. About his love for the German language. 1967: a visit to Germany. Later visits to Germany and about being a German patriot. AB Anti-Semitism. Story about a Jew in Tirolya. German Literature he reads. Language: Hebrew with his children, German with his wife. About an autobiography he wants to write. Jekkes. Influence of Germany and the USA on Israel. Emphasis on being a German. The new Generation in Israel.