The Indiana Jewish Post and Opinion, 13 May 1955 — Page 8
THE NATIONAL JEWISH POST
Friday, May 13, 1955
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Donors Having Say-So Doesn't Always Work
by M. 2. FRANK
Let us look into recent Jewish history to see what happens when contributors of funds in one country try to control the expenditure of those funds in the country where they are to be used. We shall take four examples: Halukah, Baron Rothschild, the JDC and the World Zionist Organization.
I. Halukah: Early in the 19th century, a movement arose among Jews in the countries of Eastern Europe to settle in the Holy Land. The leaders were such religious luj minaries as the Besht, the founder of the hassidlc movement, and his disciples, and the Gaon of Vilno, the greatest Talmudic scholar produced in Eastern Europe, who was also the most virulent opponent of the hassidic movement. It was not a political movement and had no clearly defined practical goals. The idea was that it is the religious duty of any Jew to settle m the Holy Land, if he can, and thereby
known as the gabbaim of the halukah. In 1825 Sir Moses Montefiore 1 paid his first visit to the Holy J Land. He made generous contributions to help the Jewish community in the country, as a result of which new sections were built up in Jerusalem. A man called Reb Shlomo Zalman (w r hose seventh generation descendant is now Israel’s military attache in Washington) waited on Sir Moses and suggested that he finance the settlement of Jews on the land. The great philanthropist was willing, but the gabbaim of the halukah objected.
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EZRAS TORAH FUND We all observe Judaism with a uniqueness of our own. Yet we all treasure in the depths of our hearts a venerable regard for the saintly rabbis who have served our communities of yesterday and their needy families, widows and orphans who fled from the clutches of Naziism. These saintly rabbis spend their time studying the Talmud. They, or their needy families and orphans are supported by the Ezras Torah fund, which was founded by and is affiliated with the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada. The number supported by the fund has reached 7,000. The fund is supported by freewill contributions of congregations, federations, individuals. Rabbis and leaders in Jewry are called upon, with the approach of Shavuot, to make appeals for Ezras Torah during yizkor services. Do not abandon these needy souls of Jewry. Give with a generous hand. Send your contributions to: EZRAS TORAH 132 Nassau St., N.Y.C. Rabbi ISRAEL ROSENBERG, Pres.
hasten the advent of the Messiah. Should the Jews in Palestine engage in crafts, in industries, in agriculture? Some of the settlers entertained such ideas. Should the Jews in Palestine spend much time in prayer, in study and fasting? Of course! On that there w 7 as no difference of opinion.
* * *
THE HOLIER the Jew^s of the Holy Land w r ould be, the sooner the Messiah would come; and then all Jews, living and dead, would gather into the Holy Land. The living w 7 ould walk over a paper bridge, the dead would roll underground until they reached the Holy Land where they would come to life again. (The question of how many Jews Israel could absorb didn’t seem to arise.) In time, the Jews who settled in the Holy Land found themselves in need of financial support,. This was organized by rabbis and lay religious leaders in the Diaspora from black boxes into which every housewife would throw a penny on Friday before blessing the Sabbath candles. The funds thus collected were distributed in Jerusalem, Safed and other places by administrators appointed by leaders in the Diaspora. A “gabbai” (administrator) in any of the four "Holy Cities”— Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed and Tiberias—was not responsible to the local Jews, but to his superiors in Vilno, Budapest, or
IN 1845 Sir Moses Montefiore visited Palestine again. Reb Shlomo Zalman was already dead (killed by a Moslem fanatic), but his son, Mordecai Solomon, waited on Sir Moses and made the same suggestion as his father before him. Again the local leaders objected. Sir Moses Montefiore then planted an orange grove for the Jews in Jaffa, since in Jaffa the Jerusalem leaders were not as powerful. In 1878 the grandson of Reb Shlomo Zalman, Moshe Yoel . Salomon, together with David Gutmann and Joshua Stampfer, organized about 100 Jerusalem Jews to establish an agricultural colony in Palestine. They raised their own money. When the men went to explore a site in the valley of Jericho, they were attacked with stones by ruffians hired by the administrators of the halukah. The halukah system created one evil in that it encouraged | dependence on outside help. But by far the greater evil was that the local Jewish community had no control over its leadership. The regime of the gabbaim of the halukah retarded the economic progress of Jewish Pal-1 estine by at least a generation. (To Be Continued.)
Rabbi JOSEPH E. HENKIN, Executive Director
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pora. How . did that system work? * * * IN THE FIRST place, many local "gabbaim” became petty tyrants who could grant assistance or withhold assistance according to their lik£s or dislikes. In the second place, they acquired a vested interest in the status quo and bitterly fought all progress. The system became known as "halukah” (distribution or dole) and the administrators were
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