בחרו את שפת העמוד:
שפה נוכחית
כניסה עם גוגל
כניסה עם פייסבוק
| כותר |
Environmental science : earth as a living planet / Daniel B. Botkin, Edward A. Keller with assistance from Dorothy B. Rosenthal ... [et al.]. |
|---|---|
| מהדורה |
3rd ed. |
| יוצרים נוספים |
Keller, Edward A., 1942- |
| מוציא לאור |
New York : J. Wiley |
| שנה |
c2000 |
| הערות |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| הערת תוכן ותקציר |
Part I. Environment as an Idea -- 1. Basic Issues in Environmental Sciences -- Case Study: Shrimp, Mangroves, and Pickup Trucks: Local and Global Connections Reveal Major Environmental Concerns -- 1.1 Key Themes -- 1.2 Human Population Growth -- A Closer Look 1.1: Black Death -- 1.3 Sustainability and Carrying Capacity -- A Closer Look 1.2: Determining Carrying Capacity of the Chinook Salmon -- 1.4 A Global Perspective -- 1.5 An Urban World -- 1.6 Values and Knowledge -- Environmental Issue: How Can We Preserve the World's Coral Reefs? -- 2. Thinking Critically About the Environment -- Case Study: The Case of the Mysterious Crop Circles -- 2.1 Thinking About Environmental Science -- 2.2 Understanding what Science is (and what it isn't) -- 2.3 Measurements and Uncertainty-- 2.4 Methods of Science -- A Closer Look 2.1 Measurement of Carbon Stored in Vegetation -- 2.5 Misunderstandings About Science -- A Closer Look 2.2: Evaluating Media Coverage -- 2.6 Science and Decision Making -- Environmental Issue: How Do We Decide What to Believe about Environmental Issues? -- 2.7 Learning About Science -- Part II. Earth as a System -- 3. Systems and Change -- Case Study: Amboseli National Part -- 3.1 Systems and Feedback -- A Closer Look 3.1: Electromagnetic Radiation -- 3.2 Exponential Growth -- 3.3 Environmental Unity -- 3.4 Uniformitarianism -- 3.5 Changes and Equilibrium in Systems -- 3.6 Earth and Life -- 3.7 Earth as a System -- Ecosystems -- Environmental Issue: Is the Gaia Hypothesis Science? -- 4. Biogeochemical Cycles -- Case Study: Lake Washington -- 4.2 How Chemical Elements Cycle -- A Closer Look 4.1: A Biogeochemical Cycle -- 4.3 General Aspects of Chemical Cycles -- 4.4 Basic Concepts of Biogeochemical Cycling -- 4.5 Some Major Global Chemical Cycles -- A Closer Look: 4.2 Photosynthesis and Respiration -- Environmental Issue: How Are Human Activities Affecting the Nitrogen Cycle? -- Part III. Life and the Environment -- 5. Human Population as an Environmental Problem -- Case Study: Bangladesh -- 5.1 Basic Concepts -- A Closer Look 5.1: Prophecy of Malthus -- 5.2 Human Population Growth Rate -- A Closer Look 5.2: Growth of the Human Population -- A Closer Look 5.3: How Many People Have Lived on Earth? -- Working It Out 5.1 Equations of Population Change -- Working It Out 5.2: Examples of Population Calculations -- 5.3 Projecting Future Population Growth -- 5.4 Demographic Transition -- 5.5 How Can We Stop Population Growth? -- Environmental Issue: How Many People Can Earth Support? -- 6. Ecosystems and Ecological Communities -- Case Study: The Acorn Connection -- 6.1 What Sustains Life on Earth -- A Closer Look 6.1: Yellowstone Hot Springs Food Chain -- 6.2 Ecosystem -- 6.3 Community Effect -- 6.4 How do You Know When You Have Found an Ecosystem? -- Environmental Issue: How are the Borders of an Ecosystem Defined? -- 7. Biological Diversity and Biogeography -- Case Study: Purple Loosestrife -- 7.1 Understanding Biological Diversity -- 7.2 Biological Evolution -- A Closer Look 7.1: Industrial Melanism and Natural Selection -- 7.3 Evolution of Life on Earth -- 7.4 Basic Concepts of Biological Diversity -- 7.5 Number of Species on Earth -- 7.6 Interactions Between Species -- 7.7 Environmental Factors That Influence Diversity 126 -- A Closer Look 7.2: Biogeography, Glaciation, and People -- 7.8 Geography of Life -- A Closer Look 7.3: A Biogeographical Cross Section of North America -- Environmental Issue: Why Preserve Biodiversity? -- 8. Biological Productivity and Energy Flow -- Case Study: Harvesting of Forests in Michigan and England -- 8.1 How Much Can We Grow? -- 8.2 Biological Production -- Working It Out 8.1 Equations for Production, Biomass, and Energy Flow -- Working It Out 8.2 Energy Equalities -- 8.3 Energy Flow -- Working It Out 8.3 Ecosystem Equalities -- 8.4 Ultimate Limit on the Abundance of Life -- A Closer Look 8.1: Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 8.5 Some Examples of Energy Flow -- Environmental Issue: Should We Eat Lower on the Food Chain? -- 9. Succession and Restoration: How Ecosystems Respond to Disturbance -- Case Study: Restoring Abandoned Mine Lands in Great Britain -- 9.1 Restoration of Damaged Lands -- 9.2 Ecological Succession -- 9.3 Patterns of Species Change Durng Succession -- A Closer Look 9.1 Reforestation of Mount Saint Helens -- A Closer Look 9.2 An Example of Forest Succession -- A Closer Look 9.3 Some Classic Cases of Ecological Succession -- 9.4 Succession and Chemical Cycling -- 9.5 Succession and the Balance of Nature' -- Environmental Issue: How Can We Evaluate Constructed Ecosystems? -- Earth's Biomes -- Tundra -- Taiga, or Boreal Forests -- Temperate Forests -- Temperate Rain Forests -- Temperate Woodlands -- Temperate Shrublands -- Temperate Grasslands -- Tropical Rain Forests -- Tropical Seasonal Forests and Savannas -- Deserts -- Wetlands -- Fresh Waters -- Intertidal -- Open Ocean -- Benthos -- Upwellings -- Hydrothermal Vents -- Part IV. Sustaining Living Resources -- World Food Supply -- Case Study: Food for China -- 10.1 World Food Supply and the Environment -- 10.2 An Ecological Perspective on Agriculture -- 10.3 Sources of Food -- 10.4 Aquaculture -- A Closer Look 10.1 New Genetic Strains and Hybrids -- 10.5 Soil and Agriculture -- A Closer Look 10.2 Traditional Farming Methods -- 10.6 World Food Supply -- Environmental Issue: Will There Be Enough Water to Produce Food for a Growing Population? -- 11. Effects of Agriculture on the Environment -- Case Study: Clean Water Farms -- 11.1 How Agriculture Changes the Environment -- A Closer Look 11.1 Soils -- A Closer Look 11.2 Kesterson Wildlife Refuge: Undesirable Effects of Irrigation -- 11.2 Global Effects of Agriculture -- 11.3 Pest Control and Agricultural Chemicals -- 11.4 Integrated Pest Management -- Environmental Issue: Should Rice Be Grown in a Dry Climate? -- 12. Wild Living Resources: Plentiful and Endangered -- Case Study: The American Whooping Crane and the California Condor -- 12.1 Goals of Conservation -- 12.2 Categories of Threatened Species -- 12.3 Why Save Endangered Species -- A Closer Look 12.1 Conflicting Goals -- 12.4 Extinction -- A Closer Look 12.2 Extinction of the Heath Hen -- 12.5 How People Cause Extinctions and Affect Biological Diversity -- A Closer Look 12.3 Asian Water Buffalo in Australia -- 12.6 Wildlife Management -- A Closer Look 12.4 Elephants and the Logistic Growth Curve -- 12.7 What is Being Done to Help Conserve Biological Diversity and Endangered Species -- Environmental Issue: Should Wolves be Re-Established in the Adirondack Park? -- 13. Landscapes and Seascapes -- Case Study: Conflict in Clayoquot Sound -- 13.1 Forestry 259 -- 13.2 Deforestation: A Global Dilemma -- 13.3 Forest Management -- 13.4 Parks and Preserves -- 13.5 Conserving and Managing Life in the Oceans -- 13.6 Fisheries -- A Closer Look 13.1 Peruvian Anchovy Fishery -- 13.7 Whales and Other Marine Mammals - Environmental Issue: How Does Fragmentation of Tropical Forests Contribute to Habitat Destruction? -- 14. Environmental Health and Toxicology -- Case Study: Is Lead in Urban Environment Contributing to Antisocial (Criminal) Behavior? -- 14.1 Some Basics -- A Closer Look 14.1 Sudbury Smelters--A Point Source -- 14.2 Categories of Pollutants 290 -- A Closer Look 14.2 Mercury and Minamata, Japan -- A Closer Look 14.3 Dioxon: The Big Unknown -- 14.3 General Effects of Pollutants -- 14.4 Risk Assessment -- Environmental Issue: Are We Getting Too Much Fluoride? -- Part V Energy -- 15. Energy: Some Basics -- Case Study: Energy Crises in Ancient Greece and Rome -- 15.1 Outlook for Energy -- 15.2 Energy Basics -- 15.3 Energy Efficiency -- 15.4 Energy Sources and Consumption -- A Closer Look 15.1 Energy Units -- 15.5 Energy Conservation, Increased Efficiency and Cogeneration -- 15.6 Energy Policy -- Environmental Issue: Is There Enough Energy to Go Around? -- 16. Fossil Fuels and the Environment -- Case Study: Fuel Efficiency in U.S. Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Vehicles -- 16.1 Fossil Fuels -- 16.2 Crude Oil and Natural Gas -- 16.3 Coal -- A Closer Look 16.1 Trapper Mine -- Environmental Issue: Should the Gasoline Tax Be Raised? -- 17. Alternative Energy and the Environment -- Case Study: Is Large-Scale Centralized Alternative Energy Likely? -- 17.1 Alternative Energy Sources -- 17.2 Geothermal Energy -- 17.3 Renewable Alternative Energy Sources -- 17.4 Direct Solar Energy -- 17.5 Hydrogen -- 17.6 Water Power -- A Closer Look 17.1 Fuel Cells--An Attractive Alternative -- 17.7 Wind Power -- 17.8 Energy From Biomass. |
| היקף החומר |
xxvii, 649 pages : col. ill 29 cm. |
| שפה |
אנגלית |
| מספר מערכת |
990036159720205171 |
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