Years at the edge of existence

Memoirs of a Jew, born in Lodz as Mieczyslaw Morgenstern. A few days before World War II he was drafted into the Polish Army, but captured by the Soviets in Volhynia. He managed to escape to Lvov, where he obtained the identity card of a non-Jew. Meanwhile, his family was imprisoned in the Warsaw ghetto. Morgens managed to survive in Kolomyya, near Lvov, helped by a Polish Catholic woman, Walentyna Zak, and other non-Jews. In spring 1942 Morgens smuggled his family out of the Warsaw ghetto to Olsztyn, a small town near Czestochowa. By hearsay, mentions Nazi actions in the ghettos of Kolomyya and Czestochowa. In spring 1943 Morgens joined the Polish underground attached to the Armia Krajowa. After the war the family emigrated to the USA. (From the Bibliography of the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism - The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)